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Displays a simple driving type game scene, using texture mapped cubes. It
assigns an Avatar to the viewer and incorporates simple sounds and collision
detection/notification.
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.AWTEvent;
import java.awt.Component;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Vector;
import javax.media.j3d.Alpha;
import javax.media.j3d.Appearance;
import javax.media.j3d.Background;
import javax.media.j3d.BackgroundSound;
import javax.media.j3d.Behavior;
import javax.media.j3d.BoundingSphere;
import javax.media.j3d.Bounds;
import javax.media.j3d.BranchGroup;
import javax.media.j3d.GeometryArray;
import javax.media.j3d.Group;
import javax.media.j3d.MediaContainer;
import javax.media.j3d.Node;
import javax.media.j3d.PhysicalEnvironment;
import javax.media.j3d.PointSound;
import javax.media.j3d.PositionInterpolator;
import javax.media.j3d.QuadArray;
import javax.media.j3d.Shape3D;
import javax.media.j3d.Sound;
import javax.media.j3d.Texture;
import javax.media.j3d.Transform3D;
import javax.media.j3d.TransformGroup;
import javax.media.j3d.WakeupCondition;
import javax.media.j3d.WakeupCriterion;
import javax.media.j3d.WakeupOnAWTEvent;
import javax.media.j3d.WakeupOnCollisionEntry;
import javax.media.j3d.WakeupOnCollisionExit;
import javax.media.j3d.WakeupOr;
import javax.vecmath.Point2f;
import javax.vecmath.Point3d;
import javax.vecmath.Point3f;
import javax.vecmath.Quat4f;
import javax.vecmath.Vector3d;
import javax.vecmath.Vector3f;
import javax.vecmath.Vector4f;
import com.sun.j3d.audioengines.javasound.JavaSoundMixer;
import com.sun.j3d.loaders.Scene;
import com.sun.j3d.loaders.objectfile.ObjectFile;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.behaviors.interpolators.RotPosScaleTCBSplinePathInterpolator;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.behaviors.interpolators.TCBKeyFrame;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.Box;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.Primitive;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.Sphere;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.image.TextureLoader;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.SimpleUniverse;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.ViewerAvatar;
/**
* Displays a simple driving type game scene, using texture mapped cubes. It
* assigns an Avatar to the viewer and incorporates simple sounds and collision
* detection/notification/
* <p>
* This example does not use the Java3dApplet base class but is based on a
* SimpleUniverse construction instead. that way we can illustrate the
* setPlatformGeometry call.
*/
public class AvatarTest extends Applet {
public BranchGroup createSceneGraph() {
BranchGroup bg = new BranchGroup();
TransformGroup tgRoot = addBehaviors(bg);
createBuildings(tgRoot);
createRoad(tgRoot);
createLand(tgRoot);
createCars(tgRoot);
createBackground(bg);
return bg;
}
public void createBackground(Group bg) {
// add the sky backdrop
Background back = new Background();
back.setApplicationBounds(getBoundingSphere());
bg.addChild(back);
BranchGroup bgGeometry = new BranchGroup();
// create an appearance and assign the texture image
Appearance app = new Appearance();
Texture tex = new TextureLoader("back.jpg", this).getTexture();
app.setTexture(tex);
Sphere sphere = new Sphere(1.0f, Primitive.GENERATE_TEXTURE_COORDS
| Primitive.GENERATE_NORMALS_INWARD, app);
bgGeometry.addChild(sphere);
back.setGeometry(bgGeometry);
}
public Group createLand(Group g) {
Land land = new Land(this, g, ComplexObject.GEOMETRY
| ComplexObject.TEXTURE);
return land.createObject(new Appearance(), new Vector3d(0, 0, 0),
new Vector3d(1, 1, 1), "land.jpg", null, null);
}
public Group createRoad(Group g) {
Road road = new Road(this, g, ComplexObject.GEOMETRY
| ComplexObject.TEXTURE);
return road.createObject(new Appearance(), new Vector3d(0, 0, 0),
new Vector3d(1, 1, 1), "road.jpg", null, null);
}
private float getRandomNumber(float basis, float random) {
return basis + ((float) Math.random() * random * 2) - (random);
}
public Group createBuildings(Group g) {
BranchGroup bg = new BranchGroup();
for (int n = (int) Road.ROAD_LENGTH; n < 0; n = n + 10) {
Building building = new Building(this, bg, ComplexObject.GEOMETRY
| ComplexObject.TEXTURE | ComplexObject.COLLISION);
building.createObject(new Appearance(), new Vector3d(
getRandomNumber(-4.0f, 0.25f), getRandomNumber(1.0f, 0.5f),
getRandomNumber(n, 0.5f)), new Vector3d(1, 1, 1),
"house.jpg", null, null);
building = new Building(this, bg, ComplexObject.GEOMETRY
| ComplexObject.TEXTURE | ComplexObject.COLLISION);
building.createObject(new Appearance(), new Vector3d(
getRandomNumber(4.0f, 0.25f), getRandomNumber(1.0f, 0.5f),
getRandomNumber(n, 0.5f)), new Vector3d(1, 1, 1),
"house.jpg", null, null);
}
g.addChild(bg);
return bg;
}
public Group createCars(Group g) {
BranchGroup bg = new BranchGroup();
for (int n = (int) Road.ROAD_LENGTH; n < 0; n = n + 10) {
Car car = new Car(this, bg, ComplexObject.GEOMETRY
| ComplexObject.TEXTURE | ComplexObject.SOUND);
car.createObject(new Appearance(), new Vector3d(getRandomNumber(
0.0f, 2.0f), Car.CAR_HEIGHT / 2.0f,
getRandomNumber(n, 5.0f)), new Vector3d(1, 1, 1),
"car0.jpg", "car.wav", "collide.wav");
}
g.addChild(bg);
return bg;
}
public TransformGroup addBehaviors(Group bgRoot) {
// Create the transform group node and initialize it to the
// identity. Enable the TRANSFORM_WRITE capability so that
// our behavior code can modify it at runtime. Add it to the
// root of the subgraph.
TransformGroup objTrans = new TransformGroup();
objTrans.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE);
Transform3D zAxis = new Transform3D();
zAxis.rotY(Math.toRadians(90.0));
Alpha zoomAlpha = new Alpha(-1, Alpha.INCREASING_ENABLE, 0, 0, 20000,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
PositionInterpolator posInt = new PositionInterpolator(zoomAlpha,
objTrans, zAxis, 0, -160);
posInt.setSchedulingBounds(getBoundingSphere());
objTrans.addChild(posInt);
bgRoot.addChild(objTrans);
return objTrans;
}
BoundingSphere getBoundingSphere() {
return new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), 400.0);
}
ViewerAvatar createAvatar() {
ViewerAvatar va = new ViewerAvatar();
TransformGroup tg = new TransformGroup();
Car car = new Car(this, tg, ComplexObject.GEOMETRY
| ComplexObject.TEXTURE | ComplexObject.COLLISION
| ComplexObject.COLLISION_SOUND);
car.createObject(new Appearance(), new Vector3d(0, -0.3, -0.3),
new Vector3d(0.3, 0.3, 1), "platform.jpg", null, "collide.wav");
tg.addChild(car);
va.addChild(tg);
return va;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
AvatarTest avatarTest = new AvatarTest();
// Create a simple scene and attach it to the virtual universe
SimpleUniverse u = new SimpleUniverse();
PhysicalEnvironment physicalEnv = u.getViewer()
.getPhysicalEnvironment();
TransformGroup tg = u.getViewer().getViewingPlatform()
.getViewPlatformTransform();
Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D();
t3d.set(new Vector3f(0, 0.5f, 0));
tg.setTransform(t3d);
CarSteering keys = new CarSteering(tg);
keys.setSchedulingBounds(avatarTest.getBoundingSphere());
u.getViewer().setAvatar(avatarTest.createAvatar());
if (physicalEnv != null) {
JavaSoundMixer javaSoundMixer = new JavaSoundMixer(physicalEnv);
if (javaSoundMixer == null)
System.out.println("Unable to create AudioDevice.");
javaSoundMixer.initialize();
}
// Add everthing to the scene graph - it will now be displayed.
BranchGroup scene = avatarTest.createSceneGraph();
scene.addChild(keys);
// Java3dTree j3dTree = new Java3dTree();
// j3dTree.recursiveApplyCapability(scene);
u.addBranchGraph(scene);
//j3dTree.updateNodes(u);
u.getViewingPlatform().getViewPlatform().setActivationRadius(2);
}
}
/**
* This class is a simple behavior that invokes the KeyNavigator to modify the
* view platform transform.
*/
class Building extends ComplexObject {
private final float BUILDING_WIDTH = 1.0f;
private final float BUILDING_LENGTH = 1.0f;
public Building(Component comp, Group g, int nFlags) {
super(comp, g, nFlags);
}
private float getRandomNumber(float basis, float random) {
return basis + ((float) Math.random() * random * 2) - (random);
}
protected Group createGeometryGroup(Appearance app, Vector3d position,
Vector3d scale, String szTextureFile, String szSoundFile) {
int nPrimFlags = 0;
if ((m_nFlags & ComplexObject.TEXTURE) == ComplexObject.TEXTURE) {
nPrimFlags |= Primitive.GENERATE_TEXTURE_COORDS;
setTexture(app, szTextureFile);
}
return new Box(getRandomNumber(BUILDING_WIDTH, 0.25f),
(float) position.y, getRandomNumber(BUILDING_LENGTH, 0.15f),
nPrimFlags, app);
}
}
/**
* This class is a simple behavior that invokes the KeyNavigator to modify the
* view platform transform.
*/
class Land extends ComplexObject {
private final float LAND_WIDTH = 100.0f;
private final float LAND_HEIGHT = 0.0f;
private final float LAND_LENGTH = -200.0f;
public Land(Component comp, Group g, int nFlags) {
super(comp, g, nFlags);
}
protected Group createGeometryGroup(Appearance app, Vector3d position,
Vector3d scale, String szTextureFile, String szSoundFile) {
QuadArray quadArray = new QuadArray(4, GeometryArray.COORDINATES
| GeometryArray.TEXTURE_COORDINATE_2);
float[] coordArray = { -LAND_WIDTH, LAND_HEIGHT, 0, LAND_WIDTH,
LAND_HEIGHT, 0, LAND_WIDTH, LAND_HEIGHT, LAND_LENGTH,
-LAND_WIDTH, LAND_HEIGHT, LAND_LENGTH };
float[] texArray = { 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1 };
quadArray.setCoordinates(0, coordArray, 0, 4);
if ((m_nFlags & TEXTURE) == TEXTURE) {
quadArray.setTextureCoordinates(0, 0, texArray, 0, 4);
setTexture(app, szTextureFile);
}
Shape3D sh = new Shape3D(quadArray, app);
BranchGroup bg = new BranchGroup();
bg.addChild(sh);
return bg;
}
}
/**
* This class is a simple behavior that invokes the KeyNavigator to modify the
* view platform transform.
*/
class CollisionBehavior extends Behavior {
private WakeupOnCollisionEntry wakeupOne = null;
private WakeupOnCollisionExit wakeupTwo = null;
private WakeupCriterion[] wakeupArray = new WakeupCriterion[2];
private WakeupCondition wakeupCondition = null;
private ComplexObject m_Owner = null;
public CollisionBehavior(Node node, ComplexObject owner) {
wakeupOne = new WakeupOnCollisionEntry(node,
WakeupOnCollisionEntry.USE_BOUNDS);
wakeupTwo = new WakeupOnCollisionExit(node,
WakeupOnCollisionExit.USE_BOUNDS);
wakeupArray[0] = wakeupOne;
wakeupArray[1] = wakeupTwo;
wakeupCondition = new WakeupOr(wakeupArray);
m_Owner = owner;
}
/**
* Override Behavior's initialize method to setup wakeup criteria.
*/
public void initialize() {
// Establish initial wakeup criteria
wakeupOn(wakeupCondition);
}
/**
* Override Behavior's stimulus method to handle the event.
*/
public void processStimulus(Enumeration criteria) {
WakeupCriterion genericEvt;
while (criteria.hasMoreElements()) {
genericEvt = (WakeupCriterion) criteria.nextElement();
if (genericEvt instanceof WakeupOnCollisionEntry) { m_Owner.onCollide(true);
} else if (genericEvt instanceof WakeupOnCollisionExit) {
m_Owner.onCollide(false);
}
}
// Set wakeup criteria for next time
wakeupOn(wakeupCondition);
}
}
/**
* This class is a simple behavior that invokes the KeyNavigator to modify the
* view platform transform.
*/
class CarSteering extends Behavior {
private WakeupOnAWTEvent wakeupOne = null;
private WakeupCriterion[] wakeupArray = new WakeupCriterion[1];
private WakeupCondition wakeupCondition = null;
private final float TRANSLATE_LEFT = -0.05f;
private final float TRANSLATE_RIGHT = 0.05f;
TransformGroup m_TransformGroup = null;
public CarSteering(TransformGroup tg) {
m_TransformGroup = tg;
try {
m_TransformGroup
.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE);
m_TransformGroup.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_READ);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
wakeupOne = new WakeupOnAWTEvent(KeyEvent.KEY_PRESSED);
wakeupArray[0] = wakeupOne;
wakeupCondition = new WakeupOr(wakeupArray);
}
/**
* Override Behavior's initialize method to setup wakeup criteria.
*/
public void initialize() {
// Establish initial wakeup criteria
wakeupOn(wakeupCondition);
}
/**
* Override Behavior's stimulus method to handle the event.
*/
public void processStimulus(Enumeration criteria) {
WakeupOnAWTEvent ev;
WakeupCriterion genericEvt;
AWTEvent[] events;
while (criteria.hasMoreElements()) {
genericEvt = (WakeupCriterion) criteria.nextElement();
if (genericEvt instanceof WakeupOnAWTEvent) {
ev = (WakeupOnAWTEvent) genericEvt;
events = ev.getAWTEvent();
processAWTEvent(events);
}
}
// Set wakeup criteria for next time
wakeupOn(wakeupCondition);
}
/**
* Process a keyboard event
*/
private void processAWTEvent(AWTEvent[] events) {
for (int n = 0; n < events.length; n++) {
if (events[n] instanceof KeyEvent) {
KeyEvent eventKey = (KeyEvent) events[n];
if (eventKey.getID() == KeyEvent.KEY_PRESSED) {
int keyCode = eventKey.getKeyCode();
int keyChar = eventKey.getKeyChar();
Vector3f translate = new Vector3f();
Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D();
m_TransformGroup.getTransform(t3d);
t3d.get(translate);
switch (keyCode) {
case KeyEvent.VK_LEFT:
translate.x += TRANSLATE_LEFT;
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT:
translate.x += TRANSLATE_RIGHT;
break;
}
// System.out.println( "Steering: " + translate.x );
translate.y = 0.5f;
t3d.setTranslation(translate);
m_TransformGroup.setTransform(t3d);
}
}
}
}
}
/**
* This class is a simple behavior that invokes the KeyNavigator to modify the
* view platform transform.
*/
class Car extends ComplexObject {
public static final float CAR_WIDTH = 0.2f;
public static final float CAR_HEIGHT = 0.2f;
public static final float CAR_LENGTH = 0.6f;
public Car(Component comp, Group g, int nFlags) {
super(comp, g, nFlags);
}
private float getRandomNumber(float basis, float random) {
return basis + ((float) Math.random() * random * 2) - (random);
}
public Bounds getGeometryBounds() {
return new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0, 0, 0), 0.2);
}
protected Group createGeometryGroup(Appearance app, Vector3d position,
Vector3d scale, String szTextureFile, String szSoundFile) {
int nPrimFlags = 0;
if ((m_nFlags & ComplexObject.TEXTURE) == ComplexObject.TEXTURE) {
nPrimFlags |= Primitive.GENERATE_TEXTURE_COORDS;
setTexture(app, szTextureFile);
}
return new Box(CAR_WIDTH, (float) position.y, getRandomNumber(
CAR_LENGTH, 0.01f), nPrimFlags, app);
}
}
/**
* This class is a simple behavior that invokes the KeyNavigator to modify the
* view platform transform.
*/
class Road extends ComplexObject {
public static final float ROAD_WIDTH = 3.0f;
public static final float ROAD_HEIGHT = 0.01f;
public static final float ROAD_LENGTH = -200.0f;
public Road(Component comp, Group g, int nFlags) {
super(comp, g, nFlags);
}
protected Group createGeometryGroup(Appearance app, Vector3d position,
Vector3d scale, String szTextureFile, String szSoundFile) {
// creates a segment of road 200 x 2
QuadArray quadArray = new QuadArray(4, GeometryArray.COORDINATES
| GeometryArray.TEXTURE_COORDINATE_2);
float[] coordArray = { -ROAD_WIDTH, ROAD_HEIGHT, 0, ROAD_WIDTH,
ROAD_HEIGHT, 0, ROAD_WIDTH, ROAD_HEIGHT, ROAD_LENGTH,
-ROAD_WIDTH, ROAD_HEIGHT, ROAD_LENGTH };
float[] texArray = { 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1 };
quadArray.setCoordinates(0, coordArray, 0, 4);
if ((m_nFlags & TEXTURE) == TEXTURE) {
quadArray.setTextureCoordinates(0, 0, texArray, 0, 4);
setTexture(app, szTextureFile);
}
Shape3D sh = new Shape3D(quadArray, app);
BranchGroup bg = new BranchGroup();
bg.addChild(sh);
return bg;
}
}
abstract class ComplexObject extends BranchGroup {
protected Group m_ParentGroup = null;
protected int m_nFlags = 0;
protected BackgroundSound m_CollideSound = null;
protected Component m_Component = null;
protected TransformGroup m_TransformGroup = null;
protected TransformGroup m_BehaviorTransformGroup = null;
public static final int SOUND = 0x001;
public static final int GEOMETRY = 0x002;
public static final int TEXTURE = 0x004;
public static final int COLLISION = 0x008;
public static final int COLLISION_SOUND = 0x010;
public ComplexObject(Component comp, Group group, int nFlags) {
m_ParentGroup = group;
m_nFlags = nFlags;
m_Component = comp;
}
public Bounds getGeometryBounds() {
return new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0, 0, 0), 100);
}
private MediaContainer loadSoundFile(String szFile) {
try {
File file = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir"));
URL url = file.toURL();
URL soundUrl = new URL(url, szFile);
return new MediaContainer(soundUrl);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("Error could not load sound file: " + e);
System.exit(-1);
}
return null;
}
protected void setTexture(Appearance app, String szFile) {
Texture tex = new TextureLoader(szFile, m_Component).getTexture();
app.setTexture(tex);
}
abstract protected Group createGeometryGroup(Appearance app,
Vector3d position, Vector3d scale, String szTextureFile,
String szSoundFile);
protected Group loadGeometryGroup(String szModel, Appearance app)
throws java.io.FileNotFoundException {
// load the object file
Scene scene = null;
Shape3D shape = null;
// read in the geometry information from the data file
ObjectFile objFileloader = new ObjectFile(ObjectFile.RESIZE);
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