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The Example class is a base class extended by example applications. The class
provides basic features to create a top-level frame, add a menubar and
Canvas3D, build the universe, set up "examine" and "walk" style navigation
behaviors, and provide hooks so that subclasses can add 3D content to the
example's universe.
Using this Example class simplifies the construction of example applications,
enabling the author to focus upon 3D content and not the busywork of creating
windows, menus, and universes.
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.AWTEvent;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.CheckboxMenuItem;
import java.awt.Component;
import java.awt.Cursor;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.Menu;
import java.awt.MenuBar;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.InputEvent;
import java.awt.event.ItemEvent;
import java.awt.event.ItemListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.EventListener;
import javax.media.j3d.Alpha;
import javax.media.j3d.AmbientLight;
import javax.media.j3d.Appearance;
import javax.media.j3d.Background;
import javax.media.j3d.Behavior;
import javax.media.j3d.BoundingSphere;
import javax.media.j3d.BranchGroup;
import javax.media.j3d.Canvas3D;
import javax.media.j3d.ColoringAttributes;
import javax.media.j3d.DirectionalLight;
import javax.media.j3d.Group;
import javax.media.j3d.Light;
import javax.media.j3d.LineAttributes;
import javax.media.j3d.Material;
import javax.media.j3d.PointAttributes;
import javax.media.j3d.PolygonAttributes;
import javax.media.j3d.RotationInterpolator;
import javax.media.j3d.Shape3D;
import javax.media.j3d.Transform3D;
import javax.media.j3d.TransformGroup;
import javax.media.j3d.TransparencyAttributes;
import javax.media.j3d.TriangleArray;
import javax.media.j3d.WakeupCriterion;
import javax.media.j3d.WakeupOnAWTEvent;
import javax.media.j3d.WakeupOnElapsedFrames;
import javax.media.j3d.WakeupOr;
import javax.vecmath.Color3f;
import javax.vecmath.Matrix4d;
import javax.vecmath.Point3d;
import javax.vecmath.Point3f;
import javax.vecmath.TexCoord2f;
import javax.vecmath.Vector3d;
import javax.vecmath.Vector3f;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.image.TextureLoader;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.PlatformGeometry;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.SimpleUniverse;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.Viewer;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.ViewingPlatform;
public class ExAppearance extends Java3DFrame {
//--------------------------------------------------------------
// SCENE CONTENT
//--------------------------------------------------------------
public Group buildScene() {
// Turn off the example headlight
setHeadlightEnable(false);
// Build the scene group
Group objRoot = new Group();
// Set up the global lights
Color3f lColor1 = new Color3f(0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f);
Vector3f lDir1 = new Vector3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
Color3f alColor = new Color3f(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f);
BoundingSphere bounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
100.0);
AmbientLight aLgt = new AmbientLight(alColor);
aLgt.setInfluencingBounds(bounds);
DirectionalLight lgt1 = new DirectionalLight(lColor1, lDir1);
lgt1.setInfluencingBounds(bounds);
objRoot.addChild(aLgt);
objRoot.addChild(lgt1);
// Add a background
Background background = new Background();
background.setColor(new Color3f(0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f));
background.setApplicationBounds(bounds);
objRoot.addChild(background);
// Create a bunch of objects with a behavior and add them
// into the scene graph.
int row, col;
Appearance[][] app = new Appearance[3][3];
for (row = 0; row < 3; row++)
for (col = 0; col < 3; col++)
app[row][col] = createAppearance(row * 3 + col);
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
double ypos = (double) (i - 1) * 1.9;
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
double xpos = (double) (j - 1) * 2.1;
objRoot.addChild(createObject(app[i][j], 1.0, xpos, ypos));
}
}
return objRoot;
}
private Appearance createAppearance(int idx) {
Appearance app = new Appearance();
// Globally used colors
Color3f black = new Color3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
Color3f white = new Color3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
switch (idx) {
// Unlit solid
case 0: {
// Set up the coloring properties
Color3f objColor = new Color3f(1.0f, 0.2f, 0.4f);
ColoringAttributes ca = new ColoringAttributes();
ca.setColor(objColor);
app.setColoringAttributes(ca);
break;
}
// Unlit wire frame
case 1: {
// Set up the coloring properties
Color3f objColor = new Color3f(1.0f, 0.2f, 0.4f);
ColoringAttributes ca = new ColoringAttributes();
ca.setColor(objColor);
app.setColoringAttributes(ca);
// Set up the polygon attributes
PolygonAttributes pa = new PolygonAttributes();
pa.setPolygonMode(pa.POLYGON_LINE);
pa.setCullFace(pa.CULL_NONE);
app.setPolygonAttributes(pa);
// Set up line attributes
LineAttributes lta = new LineAttributes();
lta.setLineWidth(10.0f);
app.setLineAttributes(lta);
break;
}
// Unlit points
case 2: {
// Set up the coloring properties
Color3f objColor = new Color3f(1.0f, 0.2f, 0.4f);
ColoringAttributes ca = new ColoringAttributes();
ca.setColor(objColor);
app.setColoringAttributes(ca);
// Set up the polygon attributes
PolygonAttributes pa = new PolygonAttributes();
pa.setPolygonMode(pa.POLYGON_POINT);
pa.setCullFace(pa.CULL_NONE);
app.setPolygonAttributes(pa);
// Set up point attributes
PointAttributes pta = new PointAttributes();
pta.setPointSize(10.0f);
app.setPointAttributes(pta);
break;
}
// Lit solid
case 3: {
// Set up the material properties
Color3f objColor = new Color3f(0.8f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
app.setMaterial(new Material(objColor, black, objColor, white,
80.0f));
break;
}
// Texture mapped, lit solid
case 4: {
// Set up the texture map
TextureLoader tex = new TextureLoader("apimage.jpg", this);
app.setTexture(tex.getTexture());
// Set up the material properties
app.setMaterial(new Material(white, black, white, black, 1.0f));
break;
}
// Transparent, lit solid
case 5: {
// Set up the transparency properties
TransparencyAttributes ta = new TransparencyAttributes();
ta.setTransparencyMode(ta.BLENDED);
ta.setTransparency(0.6f);
app.setTransparencyAttributes(ta);
// Set up the polygon attributes
PolygonAttributes pa = new PolygonAttributes();
pa.setCullFace(pa.CULL_NONE);
app.setPolygonAttributes(pa);
// Set up the material properties
Color3f objColor = new Color3f(0.7f, 0.8f, 1.0f);
app
.setMaterial(new Material(objColor, black, objColor, black,
1.0f));
break;
}
// Lit solid, no specular
case 6: {
// Set up the material properties
Color3f objColor = new Color3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.8f);
app.setMaterial(new Material(objColor, black, objColor, black,
80.0f));
break;
}
// Lit solid, specular only
case 7: {
// Set up the material properties
Color3f objColor = new Color3f(0.8f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
app.setMaterial(new Material(black, black, black, white, 80.0f));
break;
}
// Another lit solid with a different color
case 8: {
// Set up the material properties
Color3f objColor = new Color3f(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.0f);
app.setMaterial(new Material(objColor, black, objColor, white,
80.0f));
break;
}
default: {
ColoringAttributes ca = new ColoringAttributes();
ca.setColor(new Color3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
app.setColoringAttributes(ca);
}
}
return app;
}
private Group createObject(Appearance app, double scale, double xpos,
double ypos) {
// Create a transform group node to scale and position the object.
Transform3D t = new Transform3D();
t.set(scale, new Vector3d(xpos, ypos, 0.0));
TransformGroup objTrans = new TransformGroup(t);
// Create a second transform group node and initialize it to the
// identity. Enable the TRANSFORM_WRITE capability so that
// our behavior code can modify it at runtime.
TransformGroup spinTg = new TransformGroup();
spinTg.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE);
// Create a simple shape leaf node and set the appearance
Shape3D shape = new Tetrahedron();
shape.setAppearance(app);
// add it to the scene graph.
spinTg.addChild(shape);
// Create a new Behavior object that will perform the desired
// operation on the specified transform object and add it into
// the scene graph.
Transform3D yAxis = new Transform3D();
Alpha rotationAlpha = new Alpha(-1, Alpha.INCREASING_ENABLE, 0, 0,
5000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
RotationInterpolator rotator = new RotationInterpolator(rotationAlpha,
spinTg, yAxis, 0.0f, (float) Math.PI * 2.0f);
BoundingSphere bounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
100.0);
rotator.setSchedulingBounds(bounds);
// Add the behavior and the transform group to the object
objTrans.addChild(rotator);
objTrans.addChild(spinTg);
return objTrans;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------
// USER INTERFACE
//--------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Main
//
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExAppearance ex = new ExAppearance();
ex.initialize(args);
ex.buildUniverse();
ex.showFrame();
}
//
// Initialize the GUI (application and applet)
//
public void initialize(String[] args) {
// Initialize the window, menubar, etc.
super.initialize(args);
exampleFrame.setTitle("Java 3D Appearance Example");
}
}
/*
* @(#)Tetrahedron.java 1.13 02/04/01 15:03:14
*
* Copyright (c) 1996-2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* - Redistribution in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* Neither the name of Sun Microsystems, Inc. or the names of contributors may
* be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
* specific prior written permission.
*
* This software is provided "AS IS," without a warranty of any kind. ALL
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY
* IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR
* NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. SUN AND ITS LICENSORS SHALL NOT BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES SUFFERED BY LICENSEE AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING
* OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE OR ITS DERIVATIVES. IN NO EVENT WILL SUN OR ITS
* LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOST REVENUE, PROFIT OR DATA, OR FOR DIRECT,
* INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, HOWEVER
* CAUSED AND REGARDLESS OF THE THEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF
* OR INABILITY TO USE SOFTWARE, EVEN IF SUN HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY
* OF SUCH DAMAGES.
*
* You acknowledge that Software is not designed,licensed or intended for use in
* the design, construction, operation or maintenance of any nuclear facility.
*/
class Tetrahedron extends Shape3D {
private static final float sqrt3 = (float) Math.sqrt(3.0);
private static final float sqrt3_3 = sqrt3 / 3.0f;
private static final float sqrt24_3 = (float) Math.sqrt(24.0) / 3.0f;
private static final float ycenter = 0.5f * sqrt24_3;
private static final float zcenter = -sqrt3_3;
private static final Point3f p1 = new Point3f(-1.0f, -ycenter, -zcenter);
private static final Point3f p2 = new Point3f(1.0f, -ycenter, -zcenter);
private static final Point3f p3 = new Point3f(0.0f, -ycenter, -sqrt3
- zcenter);
private static final Point3f p4 = new Point3f(0.0f, sqrt24_3 - ycenter,
0.0f);
private static final Point3f[] verts = { p1, p2, p4, // front face
p1, p4, p3, // left, back face
p2, p3, p4, // right, back face
p1, p3, p2, // bottom face
};
private TexCoord2f texCoord[] = { new TexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f),
new TexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f), new TexCoord2f(0.5f, sqrt3 / 2.0f), };
public Tetrahedron() {
int i;
TriangleArray tetra = new TriangleArray(12, TriangleArray.COORDINATES
| TriangleArray.NORMALS | TriangleArray.TEXTURE_COORDINATE_2);
tetra.setCoordinates(0, verts);
for (i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
tetra.setTextureCoordinate(0, i, texCoord[i % 3]);
}
int face;
Vector3f normal = new Vector3f();
Vector3f v1 = new Vector3f();
Vector3f v2 = new Vector3f();
Point3f[] pts = new Point3f[3];
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
pts[i] = new Point3f();
for (face = 0; face < 4; face++) {
tetra.getCoordinates(face * 3, pts);
v1.sub(pts[1], pts[0]);
v2.sub(pts[2], pts[0]);
normal.cross(v1, v2);
normal.normalize();
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
tetra.setNormal((face * 3 + i), normal);
}
}
this.setGeometry(tetra);
this.setAppearance(new Appearance());
}
}
/**
* The Example class is a base class extended by example applications. The class
* provides basic features to create a top-level frame, add a menubar and
* Canvas3D, build the universe, set up "examine" and "walk" style navigation
* behaviors, and provide hooks so that subclasses can add 3D content to the
* example's universe.
* <P>
* Using this Example class simplifies the construction of example applications,
* enabling the author to focus upon 3D content and not the busywork of creating
* windows, menus, and universes.
*
* @version 1.0, 98/04/16
* @author David R. Nadeau, San Diego Supercomputer Center
*/
class Java3DFrame extends Applet implements WindowListener, ActionListener,
ItemListener, CheckboxMenuListener {
// Navigation types
public final static int Walk = 0;
public final static int Examine = 1;
// Should the scene be compiled?
private boolean shouldCompile = true;
// GUI objects for our subclasses
protected Java3DFrame example = null;
protected Frame exampleFrame = null;
protected MenuBar exampleMenuBar = null;
protected Canvas3D exampleCanvas = null;
protected TransformGroup exampleViewTransform = null;
protected TransformGroup exampleSceneTransform = null;
protected boolean debug = false;
// Private GUI objects and state
private boolean headlightOnOff = true;
private int navigationType = Examine;
private CheckboxMenuItem headlightMenuItem = null;
private CheckboxMenuItem walkMenuItem = null;
private CheckboxMenuItem examineMenuItem = null;
private DirectionalLight headlight = null;
private ExamineViewerBehavior examineBehavior = null;
private WalkViewerBehavior walkBehavior = null;
//--------------------------------------------------------------
// ADMINISTRATION
//--------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* The main program entry point when invoked as an application. Each example
* application that extends this class must define their own main.
*
* @param args
* a String array of command-line arguments
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
Java3DFrame ex = new Java3DFrame();
ex.initialize(args);
ex.buildUniverse();
ex.showFrame();
}
/**
* Constructs a new Example object.
*
* @return a new Example that draws no 3D content
*/
public Java3DFrame() {
// Do nothing
}
/**
* Initializes the application when invoked as an applet.
*/
public void init() {
// Collect properties into String array
String[] args = new String[2];
// NOTE: to be done still...
this.initialize(args);
this.buildUniverse();
this.showFrame();
// NOTE: add something to the browser page?
}
/**
* Initializes the Example by parsing command-line arguments, building an
* AWT Frame, constructing a menubar, and creating the 3D canvas.
*
* @param args
* a String array of command-line arguments
*/
protected void initialize(String[] args) {
example = this;
// Parse incoming arguments
parseArgs(args);
// Build the frame
if (debug)
System.err.println("Building GUI...");
exampleFrame = new Frame();
exampleFrame.setSize(640, 480);
exampleFrame.setTitle("Java 3D Example");
exampleFrame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
// Set up a close behavior
exampleFrame.addWindowListener(this);
// Create a canvas
exampleCanvas = new Canvas3D(null);
exampleCanvas.setSize(630, 460);
exampleFrame.add("Center", exampleCanvas);
// Build the menubar
exampleMenuBar = this.buildMenuBar();
exampleFrame.setMenuBar(exampleMenuBar);
// Pack
exampleFrame.pack();
exampleFrame.validate();
// exampleFrame.setVisible( true );
}
/**
* Parses incoming command-line arguments. Applications that subclass this
* class may override this method to support their own command-line
* arguments.
*
* @param args
* a String array of command-line arguments
*/
protected void parseArgs(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
if (args[i].equals("-d"))
debug = true;
}
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------
// SCENE CONTENT
//--------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Builds the 3D universe by constructing a virtual universe (via
* SimpleUniverse), a view platform (via SimpleUniverse), and a view (via
* SimpleUniverse). A headlight is added and a set of behaviors initialized
* to handle navigation types.
*/
protected void buildUniverse() {
//
// Create a SimpleUniverse object, which builds:
//
// - a Locale using the given hi-res coordinate origin
//
// - a ViewingPlatform which in turn builds:
// - a MultiTransformGroup with which to move the
// the ViewPlatform about
//
// - a ViewPlatform to hold the view
//
// - a BranchGroup to hold avatar geometry (if any)
//
// - a BranchGroup to hold view platform
// geometry (if any)
//
// - a Viewer which in turn builds:
// - a PhysicalBody which characterizes the user's
// viewing preferences and abilities
//
// - a PhysicalEnvironment which characterizes the
// user's rendering hardware and software
//
// - a JavaSoundMixer which initializes sound
// support within the 3D environment
//
// - a View which renders the scene into a Canvas3D
//
// All of these actions could be done explicitly, but
// using the SimpleUniverse utilities simplifies the code.
//
if (debug)
System.err.println("Building scene graph...");
SimpleUniverse universe = new SimpleUniverse(null, // Hi-res coordinate
// for the origin -
// use default
1, // Number of transforms in MultiTransformGroup
exampleCanvas, // Canvas3D into which to draw
null); // URL for user configuration file - use defaults
//
// Get the viewer and create an audio device so that
// sound will be enabled in this content.
//
Viewer viewer = universe.getViewer();
viewer.createAudioDevice();
//
// Get the viewing platform created by SimpleUniverse.
// From that platform, get the inner-most TransformGroup
// in the MultiTransformGroup. That inner-most group
// contains the ViewPlatform. It is this inner-most
// TransformGroup we need in order to:
//
// - add a "headlight" that always aims forward from
// the viewer
//
// - change the viewing direction in a "walk" style
//
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